ImpurestCheese

I live 80m above sea level I'm fine. We've had three massive rain storms in as many days. And yes I can swim. Lived on a boat off ...

12542 2824 93 128
Forum Posts Wiki Points Following Followers

Impurest's Guide to Animals #118 - Mata-Mata

April has been unseasonably cold, almost as if Mother Nature was playing a sick joke on the British countryside. Another sick joke is when evolution created the Amazonian Giant Centipede, a venomous land train of terror and destruction. This week’s animal is not as horrifying, but I still wouldn't trust it anywhere near my toes. Hope you guys enjoy.

_________________________________________________________________

Issue #118 – Mata-Mata

[1]
[1]

Kingdom – Animalia

Phylum – Chordata

Class – Reptilia

Order – Testudines

Family – Chelidae

Genus – Chelus

Species – fimbrata

Related Species – The Mata-Mata is the only member of the genus Chelus (1)

Range – Mata-Mata live in shallow pools, swamps and marshes across the majority of tropical South America.

Sneaky Swamp Dweller

The Mata-Mata is a medium sized dark brown water turtle which has a carapace length of approximately 45cm and an average weight of 15kg. The shell of the Mata-Mata has a series of narrow ridges running along its length, and the whole animal has barbells and loose flaps of skin covering its body which act as camouflage from both prey and predators. The turtle’s nose features a tube like structure that, coupled with the animal’s long neck, allows the Mata-Mata to breathe from the surface whilst standing on the river or lake bed.

Like the majority of the other rive turtles, the Mata-Mata is carnivorous, with the name translating to ‘I kill’ in Spanish (2). While not particularly fast, Mata-Mata’s are active hunters, often sweeping their neck laterally through the water to detect prey such as fish or amphibians. When a food item has been located the turtle lunges forward and opens its mouth creating a change of water pressure that sucks the prey item into the turtle’s throat. Since water is also sucked in, the neck of the Mata-Mata often ballons out until the excess water is leaked out through the side of the closed mouth. Predation of Mata-Mata is limited since it sticks to shallow water, thus avoiding the large river predators and most terrestrial preadators can’t crack the animals shell, although Jaguars (Panthera onca) feed on turtles and tortoises of all types within their range and have a strong enough bite to puncture the Mata-Mata’s shell.

[2]
[2]

Mata-Mata are solitary outside the breeding season, which occurs in October, and involves the male extending his head towards the female as she opens and closes her mouth. Eventually the pair mate, although the female will mate with multiple males before her eggs are finally fertilized. Unlike the majority of Amazon River turtles, the Mata-Mata forgoes nesting on open sandbars, and instead creates a nest of vegetation on the edge of the forest where she lays up to twenty eight eggs (3). After an incubation period of two hundred days, the hatchlings emerge unaided and race to the relative safety of the water,

Five Unusual Animals of the Amazon River

The Amazon is home to two species of freshwater dolphin; the Tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) and the Boto (Inia geoffrensis). While the former is almost identical to Oceanic dolphins, the Boto is very different in appearance, being pink in colouration and having the uncanny (and unique among cetaceans) ability to turn its head thanks to the unfused vertebrae in its neck.

[3]
[3]

Among the many fish in the river, one of the largest are the Arapaima (Arapaima gigas) which reach 3m in length. Obligate air breathers, the fish reaches a length of up to 3m and is said to make a coughing sound when it comes up for air.

Another large fish is the Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a meter long predominantly fruit eating piranha. Unlike many fish, the species is highly resistant in changes in water pH, with the fish able to survive in pH conditions as high as 3.5, despite normally living in far more basic water conditions then that (4).

While on the subject of piranha, the Payara (Hydrolycus scomberoides) feeds predominantly on piranha using its 15cm long fangs. Known colloquially as the ‘Vampire Fish’, the Payara has special holes in its upper jaw to prevent its own teeth from stabbing into its brain.

[4]
[4]

As gruesome as the Payara is, one fish above all others is feared in the Amazon Rainforest. The parasitic Candiru Catfish (Vandellia cirrhosa) uses chemosensative organs to track urea in the water back to its host, where upon it enters the victims gill cavity and cuts into one of the arteries. Feeding takes only around two minutes, with the Candiru dropping off when fully engorged. Attacks on humans, whilst rare, have been reliably reported, with Candiru having to be surgically removed from both male and female genitalia.

Bibliography

1 - www.arkive.org

2 - http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Chelus_fimbriatus/

3 - http://eol.org/pages/795410/details

4 - Val, Adalberto L; Wood, Chris M; Wilson, Rod W; Gonzalez, Richard J; Patrick, Marjorie L; Bergman, Harold L (1998). "Responses of an Amazonian Teleost, the Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), to Low pH in Extremely Soft Water". Chicago Journals 71 (6): 658-70

Picture References

1 - https://adlayasanimals.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/t407.jpg

2 - http://whozoo.org/Anlife99/diegoben/MataMouth_112003_093.JPG

3 - http://cdn1.arkive.org/media/51/519450C2-64A4-4916-9F3A-FF0213D3D7F4/Presentation.Large/Boto-playing-with-fruit-at-surface.jpg

4 - https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/ff/87/37/ff8737239aeb51e09973eb481affbe33.jpg

Maybe it’s best if we all stayed out of the water for a while. So instead of swimming, let’s try sailing like next weeks animal. Until then make sure to critic, comment and suggest future issues as well as making sure you check past issues in Impurest’s Bestiary.

Many Thanks

Impurest Cheese

Want more IGTA. For out other turtle related issue click here to learn about the Big Headed Turtle, or if you want to look at another kind of ‘shellfish’ click here to check out the Noble Sea Pen

31 Comments

31 Comments

Avatar image for cpt_nice
cpt_nice

10331

Forum Posts

0

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 0

Waw...

Avatar image for cgoodness
Cream_God

15519

Forum Posts

0

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 2

The Amazon is nothing more than the product of Tim Burtons and HP Lovecrafts imaginations having sex and producing offspring

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

@cgoodness: There is an element of nightmare fuel evolving in that forest I will admit. And it doesn't end with the animals,an extinct culture called the Moche lived their, they actually had a god of Decapitation which shows you how brutal they were.

@cpt_nice: waw? Also nice to hear from you again ☺

Avatar image for galactic_1000
Galactic_1000

6039

Forum Posts

24

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 0

Awesome

Avatar image for laflux
laflux

25242

Forum Posts

2367

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 2

Yea Candiru- Nope

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

Avatar image for risingbean
RisingBean

10000

Forum Posts

23

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 0

Yeah, I can tell you I have no plans to ever, ever go to South America.

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

@risingbean: Shame, I've been to Chile it's a beautiful country

Avatar image for black_wreath
black_wreath

13558

Forum Posts

171

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 109

Shovel-headed turtles, ugly-ass dolphins, ogrefish and cannibals - the green inferno has it all.

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

@black_wreath: Yep Green Hell is pretty inclusive when it comes to harbouring monstrosities

Did someone say I was ugly?
Did someone say I was ugly?

Avatar image for juiceboks
juiceboks

26044

Forum Posts

0

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 0

juiceboks  Moderator

Interesting creatures, but would I ever approach one in real life?

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

Avatar image for deactivated-57af58bda2d61
deactivated-57af58bda2d61

5409

Forum Posts

0

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 6

I think the pokemon card is very appropriate hehe

Wonder if Mata mata will be in Sun and Moon.

Avatar image for madeinbangladesh
MadeinBangladesh

12494

Forum Posts

53

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 59

User Lists: 172

~MiB

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

@MadeinBangladesh: Hmm what in the Green Hell you mean...

@luna_joestar:Maybe, I'd wager there may possibly be a tortoise or turtle Pokemon somewhere in Gen 7 since we've had one in four of the six previous generations: Squirtle Line (RBY), Torkoal (RSE), Turtwig Line (DPL), Carracosta Line (BW) ect.

Avatar image for avatar_of_green
Avatar_of_Green

3214

Forum Posts

241

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 0

Edited By Avatar_of_Green

It appears the Candiru has no attraction to urine, it hunts visually. It rarely, but occasionally, enters human orifices... probably less often than many insects. It can be up to 16 inches long. Hard to fit in many orifices.

"In 1836 Eduard Poeppig documented a statement by a local physician in Pará, known only as Dr. Lacerda, who offered an eyewitness account of a case where a candiru had entered a human orifice. However, it was lodged in a native woman's vagina, rather than a male urethra. He relates that the fish was extracted after external and internal application of the juice from a Xagua plant (believed to be a name for Genipa americana)"

"In 1891, naturalist Paul Le Cointe provides a rare first-hand account of a candiru entering a human body, and like Lacerda's account, it involved the fish being lodged in the vaginal canal, not the urethra. Le Cointe actually removed the fish himself, by pushing it forward to disengage the spines, turning it around and removing it head-first.[12]"

And, last but not least, the only male account of a supposed case:

"According to Samad, the patient claimed "the fish had darted out of the water, up the urine stream, and into his urethra." While this is the most popularly known legendary trait of the candiru, according to Spotte it has been known conclusively to be a myth for more than a century, as it is impossible because of simple fluid physics.[18]

The documentation and specimen provided indicate a fish that was 133.5 mm in length and had a head with a diameter of 11.5 mm. This would have required significant force to pry the urethra open to this extent. The candiru has no appendages or other apparatus that would have been necessary to accomplish this, and if it were leaping out of the water as the patient claimed, it would not have had sufficient leverage to force its way inside.[19]

Samad's paper claims the fish must have been attracted by the urine.[14] This belief about the fish has been held for centuries, but was discredited in 2001.[8] While this was merely speculation on Samad's part based on the prevailing scientific knowledge at the time, it somewhat erodes the patient's story by eliminating the motivation for the fish to have attacked him in the first place.

Samad claimed the fish had "chewed" its way through the ventral wall of the urethra into the patient's scrotum. Spotte notes that the candiru does not possess the right teeth or strong enough dentition to have been capable of this.[20]

Samad claimed he had to snip the candiru's grasping spikes off in order to extract it, yet the specimen provided had all its spikes intact.[19]

The cystoscopy video depicts traveling into a tubular space (presumed to be the patient's urethra) containing the fish's carcass and then pulling it out backwards through the urethral opening,[17] something that would have been almost impossible with the fish's spikes intact.[21]

When subsequently interviewed, Spotte stated that even if a person were to urinate while "submerged in a stream where candiru live", the odds of that person being attacked by candiru are "(a)bout the same as being struck by lightning while simultaneously being eaten by a shark." [22]"

Avatar image for wildvine
wildvine

15336

Forum Posts

2609

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 3

User Lists: 50

wildvine  Moderator

Creepy and weird.

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

Edited By ImpurestCheese

@avatar_of_green: There are multiple Candiru species, and as y correctly pointed most are not parasites but active predators of smaller fish and invertebrates. It is mostly chemical cues that guide them (like most catfish) to a natural host (i.e. other fish). I deliberately kept away from any major remarks about acidental parasitisum because it's still so conveluted over what actually happens

@wildvine: Thanks it is indeed

Avatar image for quinnofthestoneage
QuinnoftheStoneAge

3663

Forum Posts

304

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 0

Awesome, yet scary

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

@impurestcheese: Cool thanks for the comment, the Amazin sure does produce some monsters

Avatar image for ficopedia
FicOPedia

3266

Forum Posts

0

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 230

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

@ficopedia: See I always thought it looked like a spade. Guess it's whatever 'suites' your way of looking at things

Avatar image for ficopedia
FicOPedia

3266

Forum Posts

0

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 230

Edited By FicOPedia
No Caption Provided

@impurestcheese: I could see how you'd get "spade." I see "club," because it appears to have spikes on its chin and the sides of its head. That reminds me of a fantasy character's wooden club with spikes on the end. Sort of like this guy:

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

Avatar image for jamiewolfe7
JamieWolfe7

777

Forum Posts

0

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 5

I don't want to be in the same river as any of these things.

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

@jamiewolfe7: Yeah, this is just the tip of the iceberg. There are also stingrays, caimain, crocodiles, piranah, electric eels, numerous venemous snakes, green anaconda, venemous catfish and bull sharks in those waters as well.

Avatar image for 4donkeyjohnson
4donkeyjohnson

2063

Forum Posts

0

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 0

???

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

Avatar image for impurestcheese
ImpurestCheese

12542

Forum Posts

2824

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 14

@deactivated-57af58bda2d61: Well you predicted that we would have a pokemon based on the Mata-Mata

Loading Video...

Looks like you were right

Avatar image for deactivated-097092725
deactivated-097092725

10555

Forum Posts

1043

Wiki Points

0

Followers

Reviews: 0

User Lists: 4

There's a lot to unpack here. First, that turtle made me think of Godzilla, don't really know why but might have to do with its horrific throat ballooning. Then there is that lovely grouping of animals in the Amazon. While piranha is nightmarish and that catfish one stuff of hellish contemplation, it's the dolphin that's probably going to keep me up tonight. I don't like dolphins, not at all, but one that can turn its neck to actually look at me?

omg